[世界史の理解]

2023年03月18日

Spain this time. While the movement of mass socialization in the early 20th century evolved rapidly due to the influence of the Russian revolution, the fascism movement appeared in European countries as conservative forces such as landlords, capitalists, and the military opposed, but Spain was no exception. The military was expected owing to the birth of the Azagna left-wing regime in 1936, and a mutiny broke out by General Sanjurjo and General Mola. Due to the death of both generals in the plane crash, General Franco, who had a deep relationship with Germany and Italy, has risen.The rebels were centered on the army and could not transport the Moroccan rebels to the Spanish mainland, so they successfully landed in the north and east with the help of Germany and Italy. The Azagna regime was divided into moderate republicans, communists, and anarchists, and there was little assistance except the Soviet Union, meanwhile Franco received the help of the German side, which positioned the Spanish Civil War as a prelude to World War II, and by the first half of 1939, the Caudillo suppressed most of the mainland including Madrid.The general became more pro-German than neighboring Portugal, but due to the devastation of the country in the Spanish Civil War and the influence of Salazar,Portuguese dictator who was the most respectful politician to the general,the country did not participate in World War II, and tried to get Germany to recognize the goals such as the restoration of Gibraltar by pro-German neutrality. After the surrender of France, changing neutrality into non-belligerent ,he on surface deeply in debt to the Reich for the Civil War promised Germany to participate in the war against Britain, but at bottom of his heart predicted that there would be no British surrender, and ,facing a serious predicament,Franco, who expected the prolonged Anglo-German war in September 1940, avoided participating in the war at a meeting at Spanish-Franco border with Hitler in October. Due to Italy's inferiority in North Africa and Greece, neutral waiting principle was decided, and the dissatisfaction of the radicals increased, but by involving 10,000 blue divisions centered on radicals in the German-Soviet war ,and directly experiencing with devastating sacrifices the prolonged German-Soviet war directly near Leningrad with Army group North of German army.Franco's domestic political base has more hardened. Due to the stalemate or inferiority of the German side, the policy was changed from non-belligerent to neutral and prepared for the postwar period. However, due to too much pro-German policy up to World War II, the country fell into diplomatic isolation, but with not a little help of Cold War the caudillo succeeded in returning to the international community on the side of the West during the Eisenhower administration.