[世界史の理解]

2023年08月19日

当研究所の表紙の日独伊三国同盟調印式の写真に出席している全員の中で、１９４４年７月２０日のヒトラー暗殺未遂事件の爆風が原因で死亡したのは誰か。これも『三国同盟秘史』や『リッベントロップ』を読んでいれば解答可能でした。この事件は、戦後の西ドイツにも大きな影響を与える結果になりました。首相、外相、国防相予定者などの高官が暗殺未遂事件関与でことごとく逮捕され、元ドイツ共産党員のフライスラーが裁判長の人民法廷でピアノ線を使った残忍な方法で処刑されたため、戦後のアデナウアー政権には明確に反ヒトラーであった人はいなくなりました。主犯のシュタウヘンベルク大佐も国防省次官に予定されていましたが、事件当日の２２時に国民軍司令部の中庭で同志と共に銃殺されました。銃殺を命令したフロム将軍も事件当日の行動不可解のために銃殺されました。１９４３年のチュニジアでアメリカ軍機により片目と片腕と残った腕の２本の指も失ない、これでまさかヒトラー暗殺はできないであろうという極限の状況下でのヒトラー暗殺計画でした。現在のベルリンにシュタウヘンベルク通りがありますがその信念には感服させられます。外務次官のヴァイツゼッカーらの消極的賛成者が生き残ることには成功しましたが、戦後のニュルンベルク継続裁判では有罪になりました。事件に関与した者の逮捕処刑はドイツ降伏直前まで、前述の人民法廷以外にもゲシュタポのフッペンコーテンらにより強制収容所で連日処刑が続き、常軌を逸脱していました。実は、この異常なまでの逮捕処刑の一因にヒトラーが信頼していたこの人の死がありました。わずか２メートル足らずの場所に置かれた強力な爆弾でも何故ヒトラーは死ななかったのか？事件当日の幾つかの状況が悉くヒトラーに有利に動きました。一つは7月２０日当日イタリアのムッソリーニが最後となる14回目の会見があり会議が３０分早まったことによりシュタウヘンベルクが一つの爆弾しか作動させられなかったこと、二つ目は当日の異常な暑さのため会議場がコンクリート製の会議場から木造の会議場に変更となり爆風が弱まったこと、三番目は１２時４０分の爆発直前にブラント大佐により爆弾の入った鞄が太いテーブル脚の逆側に移動されたこと、四番目はシュタウヘンベルクがもう一つの爆弾を鞄に入れなかったことが挙げられる。最後の点が決定的であった。二つの強力爆弾が炸裂すれば出席者全員が死ぬことになる。この会議出席者の中には、西ドイツで活躍するホイジンガー将軍などの同調者もいたため、あれだけ近くに置いたのでヒトラーだけ死ねばいいのだからもう一つの爆弾を入れなかったとすれば、仲間への配慮のために暗殺に失敗したとも言える。仮にヒトラーが死亡したとしても、新政府樹立は失敗したであろう。１９４４年になってもヒトラー支持率は高かったし、連合国が無条件降伏を条件にしている以上結局は戦争継続になったであろう。会議にゲーリングやヒムラーがいなかったことも不利であった。



Among all the members of HP photo attending the signing ceremony of the Japan-German-Italy Tripartite Alliance on the cover of our institute, who died due to the blast of the attempted assassination of Hitler on July 20, 1944? This could also be answered if you had read "The Secret History of the Triple Alliance" and "Ribbentrop". This incident also had a big impact on West Germany after the war. All the senior officials such as the prime minister, the foreign minister and defense minister to be scheduled were all involved in the assassination attempt, and by the former German Communist Party member Freissler executed by the People’s Court in such horrible manner as hanged by piano wire and as a result , there was no one who was clearly anti-Hitler in the Adenauer government after the war. The main culprit, Colonel Stauffenberg, was also scheduled to be the Undersecretary of the Ministry of Defense, but he was shot with his comrades in the courtyard of the National Army Headquarters at 22:00 on the day of the incident. General Fromm, who ordered the shooting, was also shot to death due to the inexplicable behavior on the day of the incident. In Tunisia in 1943, the American air raid deprived him of one eye, one arm and two fingers of the remaining arm, and it was a plan to assassinate Hitler under the extreme situation that it would not be possible to assassinate Hitler. There is Stauffenberg Street in present-day Berlin, and I am impressed by that belief. The passive supporters of Under Secretary of Foreign Affairs Weizszecker and others succeeded in surviving, but they were found guilty in the continuing trial in Nuerunberg after the war. The arrest and execution of those involved in the case continued to be executed every day in the concentration camp by Fuppenkoten of the Gastapo and others in addition to the forementioned People's Court until just before the surrender of Germany, and it was out of the norm. In fact, one of the reasons for this abnormal arrest and execution was the death of this person that Hitler trusted. Why didn't Hitler die even with a powerful bomb placed in a place of less than 2 meters? Some situations on the day of the incident all moved in favor of Hitler. One is that Mussolini of Italy had its 14th official visit on the very day of July 20th, and the meeting got rescheduled 30 minutes earlier, so Stauffenberg could only activate one bomb, and the second is the conference hall due to the abnormal heat of the day. The blast was weakened by changing from a concrete conference hall to a wooden conference hall, the third was that the bag containing the bomb was moved to the opposite side of the thick table leg by Colonel Brandt just before the explosion at 12:40, and the fourth was Staufenberg. The colonel didn’t put another bomb in his bag. The last point was decisive. If two powerful bombs had exploded, all the attendees would have died. Among the attendees of this meeting, there were sympaths such as General Heusinger, who would be active in West Germany, so if he didn't put the other bomb,judging that one bomb would be more than enough to kill Hitler because he put it so close, it may be that the attempt failed for consideration for his comrades. Even if Hitler had died, the establishment of a new government would have failed. Even in 1944, Hitler's approval rating was high, and since the Allies were on condition of unconditional surrender, the war would have continued in the end. It was also disadvantageous that Göring and Himmler were not in the meeting.